Caffeine supplementation as part of enhanced recovery after surgery pathways: a narrative review of the evidence and knowledge gaps

Caffeine is used daily by 85% of United States adults and caffeine withdrawal a major cause perioperative headache. Studies have shown that supplementation in chronic caffeinators reduces the incidence This narrative review discusses implications outlines benefits strategies period. It time to “wake up smell coffee” on integration into established enhanced recovery after surgery protocols as mechanism consistently provide replacement.